|
A
33kd actin binding protein which also hydrolyses DNA. So far DNase 1, together
with the ARP2/3 complex and tropomodulin is amongst the few ABPs to bind at the pointed end of actin
filaments (Podolski
& Steck, 1988).
The physiological importance of the very tight association of DNAase
1 with actin is not certain as the two protein would not normally be expected to
meet, however such interaction has been reported in some cell types at least (Malickablaszkiewicz,
& Roth,1983).
DNAase 1 has proved to be a valuable tool in the field as methods
have been developed which utilize the fact that when DNAase 1 is bound by actin
it no longer has the capacity to cleave DNA, in order to measure the G-actin
content of actin solutions (Fox
et al, 1981).
DNAase 1 played a vital part in the solution to the crystallographic structure of the actin monomer by preventing polymerization at high protein
concentrations (Kabsch
et al, 1990),
the very high affinity of DNase 1 for actin was important in this regard.
DNase 1 has also been a very useful tool in the isolation of actin from various
sources by affiinity chomatography (Schafer
et al, 1998),
although it does not bind to actin from Entamoeba (Gadasi,
1982).
 |
The
structure of DNase 1 (green)
in complex with actin (blue)
(Kabsch et al, 1990). |
DNase-1
actin binding
DNAse-1
binds G-actin with very high affinity () at the "top" of sub-domain 2
(Figure 1) and to the pointed end of microfilaments with a Kd of
1.9x10-9 and an association rate constant of ~1x106 (Podolski
& Steck, 1988).
Not many other actin binding proteins bind to actin through this region (tropomodulin
and the ARP2/3 complex) and competition between DNase-1 and other ABPs does not
necessarily indicate competition for binding at this site since binding by
DNase-1 affects even the C terminus of the actin monomer (Usmanova
et al, 1997).
For example competition has been demonstrated between elongation factor 2 and
DNase-1 but it remains to be seen why this is the case (Bektas
et al, 1998).
DNase-1 also binds to some (Varma
et al, 1987) but not
all () actin related proteins.
DNase-1
and Apoptosis
Members
of the DNase 1 family have been found to be be involved in DNA fragmentation
during apoptosis
| Protein |
Actin
binding |
Reference |
| DNase
I |
Yes |
|
| DNase
II |
|
|
| DNase
X |
|
|
| DNase
g |
|
|
| DNAS1L2 |
|
|
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